# std/parsecfg

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The `parsecfg` module implements a high performance configuration file parser. The configuration file's syntax is similar to the Windows `.ini` format, but much more powerful, as it is not a line based parser. String literals, raw string literals and triple quoted string literals are supported as in the Nim programming language.

Example of how a configuration file may look like:

    # This is a comment.
    ; this too.

    [Common]
    cc=gcc     # '=' and ':' are the same
    --foo="bar"   # '--cc' and 'cc' are the same, 'bar' and '"bar"' are the same (except for '#')
    macrosym: "#"  # Note that '#' is interpreted as a comment without the quotation
    --verbose

    [Windows]
    isConsoleApplication=False ; another comment

    [Posix]
    isConsoleApplication=True

    key1: "in this string backslash escapes are interpreted\n"
    key2: r"in this string not"
    key3: """triple quotes strings
    are also supported. They may span
    multiple lines."""

    --"long option with spaces": r"c:\myfiles\test.txt"

Here is an example of how to use the configuration file parser:

Example: cmd: -r:off

    import std/parsecfg
    import std/[strutils, streams]

    let configFile = "example.ini"
    var f = newFileStream(configFile, fmRead)
    assert f != nil, "cannot open " & configFile
    var p: CfgParser
    open(p, f, configFile)
    while true:
      var e = next(p)
      case e.kind
      of cfgEof: break
      of cfgSectionStart:   ## a `[section]` has been parsed
        echo "new section: " & e.section
      of cfgKeyValuePair:
        echo "key-value-pair: " & e.key & ": " & e.value
      of cfgOption:
        echo "command: " & e.key & ": " & e.value
      of cfgError:
        echo e.msg
    close(p)

## Configuration file example

    charset = "utf-8"
    [Package]
    name = "hello"
    --threads:on
    [Author]
    name = "nim-lang"
    website = "nim-lang.org"

## Creating a configuration file

Example:

    import std/parsecfg
    var dict = newConfig()
    dict.setSectionKey("","charset", "utf-8")
    dict.setSectionKey("Package", "name", "hello")
    dict.setSectionKey("Package", "--threads", "on")
    dict.setSectionKey("Author", "name", "nim-lang")
    dict.setSectionKey("Author", "website", "nim-lang.org")
    assert $dict == """
    charset=utf-8
    [Package]
    name=hello
    --threads:on
    [Author]
    name=nim-lang
    website=nim-lang.org
    """

## Reading a configuration file

Example: cmd: -r:off

    import std/parsecfg
    let dict = loadConfig("config.ini")
    let charset = dict.getSectionValue("","charset")
    let threads = dict.getSectionValue("Package","--threads")
    let pname = dict.getSectionValue("Package","name")
    let name = dict.getSectionValue("Author","name")
    let website = dict.getSectionValue("Author","website")
    echo pname & "\n" & name & "\n" & website

## Modifying a configuration file

Example: cmd: -r:off

    import std/parsecfg
    var dict = loadConfig("config.ini")
    dict.setSectionKey("Author", "name", "nim-lang")
    dict.writeConfig("config.ini")

## Deleting a section key in a configuration file

Example: cmd: -r:off

    import std/parsecfg
    var dict = loadConfig("config.ini")
    dict.delSectionKey("Author", "website")
    dict.writeConfig("config.ini")

## Supported INI File structure

Example:

    import std/parsecfg
    import std/streams

    var dict = loadConfig(newStringStream("""[Simple Values]
        key=value
        spaces in keys=allowed
        spaces in values=allowed as well
        spaces around the delimiter = obviously
        you can also use : to delimit keys from values
        [All Values Are Strings]
        values like this: 19990429
        or this: 3.14159265359
        are they treated as numbers : no
        integers floats and booleans are held as: strings
        can use the API to get converted values directly: true
        [No Values]
        key_without_value
        # empty string value is not allowed =
        [ Seletion A   ]
        space around section name will be ignored
        [You can use comments]
        # like this
        ; or this
        # By default only in an empty line.
        # Inline comments can be harmful because they prevent users
        # from using the delimiting characters as parts of values.
        # That being said, this can be customized.
            [Sections Can Be Indented]
                can_values_be_as_well = True
                does_that_mean_anything_special = False
                purpose = formatting for readability
                # Did I mention we can indent comments, too?
        """)
    )

    let section1 = "Simple Values"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section1, "key") == "value"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section1, "spaces in keys") == "allowed"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section1, "spaces in values") == "allowed as well"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section1, "spaces around the delimiter") == "obviously"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section1, "you can also use") == "to delimit keys from values"

    let section2 = "All Values Are Strings"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section2, "values like this") == "19990429"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section2, "or this") == "3.14159265359"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section2, "are they treated as numbers") == "no"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section2, "integers floats and booleans are held as") == "strings"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section2, "can use the API to get converted values directly") == "true"

    let section3 = "Seletion A"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section3,
      "space around section name will be ignored", "not an empty value") == ""

    let section4 = "Sections Can Be Indented"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section4, "can_values_be_as_well") == "True"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section4, "does_that_mean_anything_special") == "False"
    assert dict.getSectionValue(section4, "purpose") == "formatting for readability"

# Imports

strutils, lexbase, streams, tables, decode_helpers, since, syncio

# Types

    CfgEvent = object of RootObj
      case kind*: CfgEventKind   ## the kind of the event
      of cfgEof:
        nil
      of cfgSectionStart:
        section*: string         ## `section` contains the name of the
                                 ## parsed section start (syntax: `[section]`)
      of cfgKeyValuePair, cfgOption:
        key*, value*: string     ## contains the (key, value) pair if an option
                                 ## of the form `--key: value` or an ordinary
                                 ## `key= value` pair has been parsed.
                                 ## `value==""` if it was not specified in the
                                 ## configuration file.
      of cfgError:              ## the parser encountered an error: `msg`
        msg*: string             ## contains the error message. No exceptions
                                 ## are thrown if a parse error occurs.

  describes a parsing event Source Edit

    CfgEventKind = enum
      cfgEof,                   ## end of file reached
      cfgSectionStart,          ## a `[section]` has been parsed
      cfgKeyValuePair,          ## a `key=value` pair has been detected
      cfgOption,                ## a `--key=value` command line option
      cfgError                   ## an error occurred during parsing

  enumeration of all events that may occur when parsing Source Edit

    CfgParser = object of BaseLexer

  the parser object. Source Edit

    Config = OrderedTableRef[string, OrderedTableRef[string, string]]

  Source Edit

# Procs

    proc `$`(dict: Config): string {....raises: [IOError, OSError],
                                     tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Writes the contents of the table to string.
  Note: Comment statement will be ignored.
  Source Edit

    proc close(c: var CfgParser) {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1",
                                   raises: [IOError, OSError],
                                   tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Closes the parser `c` and its associated input stream. Source Edit

    proc delSection(dict: var Config; section: string) {....raises: [], tags: [],
        forbids: [].}

  Deletes the specified section and all of its sub keys. Source Edit

    proc delSectionKey(dict: var Config; section, key: string) {....raises: [KeyError],
        tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Deletes the key of the specified section. Source Edit

    proc errorStr(c: CfgParser; msg: string): string {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1",
        raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Returns a properly formatted error message containing current line and column information. Source Edit

    proc getColumn(c: CfgParser): int {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1", raises: [],
                                        tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Gets the current column the parser has arrived at. Source Edit

    proc getFilename(c: CfgParser): string {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1", raises: [],
        tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Gets the filename of the file that the parser processes. Source Edit

    proc getLine(c: CfgParser): int {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1", raises: [], tags: [],
                                      forbids: [].}

  Gets the current line the parser has arrived at. Source Edit

    proc getSectionValue(dict: Config; section, key: string; defaultVal = ""): string {.
        ...raises: [KeyError], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Gets the key value of the specified Section. Returns the specified default value if the specified key does not exist. Source Edit

    proc ignoreMsg(c: CfgParser; e: CfgEvent): string {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1",
        raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Returns a properly formatted warning message containing that an entry is ignored. Source Edit

    proc loadConfig(filename: string): Config {.
        ...raises: [IOError, OSError, Exception, ValueError, KeyError],
        tags: [WriteIOEffect, ReadIOEffect, RootEffect], forbids: [].}

  Loads the specified configuration file into a new Config instance. Source Edit

    proc loadConfig(stream: Stream; filename: string = "[stream]"): Config {.
        ...raises: [IOError, OSError, Exception, ValueError, KeyError],
        tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect, WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Loads the specified configuration from stream into a new Config instance. `filename` parameter is only used for nicer error messages. Source Edit

    proc newConfig(): Config {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Creates a new configuration table. Useful when wanting to create a configuration file. Source Edit

    proc next(c: var CfgParser): CfgEvent {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1",
                                            raises: [IOError, OSError, ValueError],
                                            tags: [ReadIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Retrieves the first/next event. This controls the parser. Source Edit

    proc open(c: var CfgParser; input: Stream; filename: string; lineOffset = 0) {.
        ...gcsafe, extern: "npc$1", raises: [IOError, OSError, Exception],
        tags: [ReadIOEffect, RootEffect], forbids: [].}

  Initializes the parser with an input stream. `Filename` is only used for nice error messages. `lineOffset` can be used to influence the line number information in the generated error messages. Source Edit

    proc setSectionKey(dict: var Config; section, key, value: string) {.
        ...raises: [KeyError], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Sets the Key value of the specified Section. Source Edit

    proc warningStr(c: CfgParser; msg: string): string {....gcsafe, extern: "npc$1",
        raises: [ValueError], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Returns a properly formatted warning message containing current line and column information. Source Edit

    proc writeConfig(dict: Config; filename: string) {....raises: [IOError, OSError],
        tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Writes the contents of the table to the specified configuration file.
  Note: Comment statement will be ignored.
  Source Edit

    proc writeConfig(dict: Config; stream: Stream) {....raises: [IOError, OSError],
        tags: [WriteIOEffect], forbids: [].}

  Writes the contents of the table to the specified stream.
  Note: Comment statement will be ignored.
  Source Edit

# Iterators

    iterator sections(dict: Config): lent string {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Iterates through the sections in the `dict`. Source Edit